Data Science project management methodology, CRISP-DM will be explained in this module in finer detail. Learn about Data Collection, Data Cleansing, Data Preparation, Data Munging, Data Wrapping, etc. Learn about the preliminary steps taken to churn the data, known as exploratory data analysis. In this module, you also are introduced to statistical calculations which are used to derive information from data. We will begin to understand how to perform a descriptive analysis.

• Machine Learning project management methodology
• Data Collection - Surveys and Design of Experiments
• Data Types namely Continuous, Discrete, Categorical, Count, Qualitative, Quantitative and its identification and application
• Further classification of data in terms of Nominal, Ordinal, Interval & Ratio types
• Balanced versus Imbalanced datasets
• Cross Sectional versus Time Series vs Panel / Longitudinal Data
• Batch Processing vs Real Time Processing
• Structured versus Unstructured vs Semi-Structured Data
• Big vs Not-Big Data
• Data Cleaning / Preparation - Outlier Analysis, Missing Values Imputation Techniques, Transformations, Normalization / Standardization, Discretization
• Sampling techniques for handling Balanced vs. Imbalanced Datasets
• What is the Sampling Funnel and its application and its components?
  • Population
  • Sampling frame
  • Simple random sampling
  • Sample
• Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion
  • Population
  • Mean/Average, Median, Mode
  • Variance, Standard Deviation, Range

Learn about various statistical calculations used to capture business moments for enabling decision makers to make data driven decisions. You will learn about the distribution of the data and its shape using these calculations. Understand to intercept information by representing data by visuals. Also learn about Univariate analysis, Bivariate analysis and Multivariate analysis.

• Measure of Skewness
• Measure of Kurtosis
• Spread of the Data
• Various graphical techniques to understand data
  • Bar Plot
  • Histogram
  • Boxplot
  • Scatter Plot

Data Visualization helps understand the patterns or anomalies in the data easily and learn about various graphical representations in this module. Understand the terms univariate and bivariate and the plots used to analyze in 2D dimensions. Understand how to derive conclusions on business problems using calculations performed on sample data. You will learn the concepts to deal with the variations that arise while analyzing different samples for the same population using the central limit theorem.

• Line Chart
• Pair Plot
• Sample Statistics
• Population Parameters
• Inferential Statistics

In this tutorial you will learn in detail about continuous probability distribution. Understand the properties of a continuous random variable and its distribution under normal conditions. To identify the properties of a continuous random variable, statisticians have defined a variable as a standard, learning the properties of the standard variable and its distribution. You will learn to check if a continuous random variable is following normal distribution using a normal Q-Q plot. Learn the science behind the estimation of value for a population using sample data.

• Random Variable and its definition
• Probability & Probability Distribution
  • Continuous Probability Distribution / Probability Density Function
  • Discrete Probability Distribution / Probability Mass Function
• Normal Distribution
• Standard Normal Distribution / Z distribution
• Z scores and the Z table
• QQ Plot / Quantile - Quantile plot
• Sampling Variation
• Central Limit Theorem
• Sample size calculator
• Confidence interval - concept
• Confidence interval with sigma
• T-distribution / Student's-t distribution
• Confidence interval
  • Population parameter with Standard deviation known
  • Population parameter with Standard deviation not known
• 6 complete recap of Statistics

Learn to frame business statements by making assumptions. Understand how to perform testing of these assumptions to make decisions for business problems. Learn about different types of Hypothesis testing and its statistics. You will learn the different conditions of the Hypothesis table, namely Null Hypothesis, Alternative hypothesis, Type I error and Type II error. The prerequisites for conducting a Hypothesis test, interpretation of the results will be discussed in this module.

• Formulating a Hypothesis
• Choosing Null and Alternative Hypothesis
• Type I or Alpha Error and Type II or Beta Error
• Confidence Level, Significance Level, Power of Test
• Comparative study of sample proportions using Hypothesis testing
• 2 Sample t-test
• ANOVA
• 2 Proportion test
• Chi-Square test

Learn about insights on how data is assisting organizations to make informed data-driven decisions. Data is treated as the new oil for all the industries and sectors which keep organizations ahead in the competition. Learn the application of Big Data Analytics in real-time, you will understand the need for analytics with a use case. Also, learn about the best project management methodology for Data Mining - CRISP-DM at a high level.

• All About Data2bussinessinsights.in
• Dos and Don'ts as a participant
• Introduction to Big Data Analytics
• Data and its uses – a case study (Grocery store)
• Interactive marketing using data & IoT – A case study
• Course outline, road map, and takeaways from the course
• Stages of Analytics - Descriptive, Predictive, Prescriptive, etc.
• Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining

Data Mining supervised learning is all about making predictions for an unknown dependent variable using mathematical equations explaining the relationship with independent variables. Revisit the school math with the equation of a straight line. Learn about the components of Linear Regression with the equation of the regression line. Get introduced to Linear Regression analysis with a use case for prediction of a continuous dependent variable. Understand about ordinary least squares technique.

• Scatter diagram
  • Correlation analysis
  • Correlation coefficient
• Ordinary least squares
• Principles of regression
• Simple Linear Regression
• Exponential Regression, Logarithmic Regression, Quadratic or Polynomial Regression
• Confidence Interval versus Prediction Interval
• Heteroscedasticity / Equal Variance

In the continuation to Regression analysis study you will learn how to deal with multiple independent variables affecting the dependent variable. Learn about the conditions and assumptions to perform linear regression analysis and the workarounds used to follow the conditions. Understand the steps required to perform the evaluation of the model and to improvise the prediction accuracies. You will be introduced to concepts of variance and bias.

• LINE assumption
  • Linearity
  • Independence
  • Normality
  • Equal Variance / Homoscedasticity
• Collinearity (Variance Inflation Factor)
• Multiple Linear Regression
• Model Quality metrics
• Deletion Diagnostics

Learn about overfitting and underfitting conditions for prediction models developed. We need to strike the right balance between overfitting and underfitting, learn about regularization techniques L1 norm and L2 norm used to reduce these abnormal conditions. The regression techniques Lasso and Ridge techniques are discussed in this module .

• Understanding Overfitting (Variance) vs. Underfitting (Bias)
• Generalization error and Regularization techniques
• Different Error functions or Loss functions or Cost functions
• Lasso Regression
• Ridge Regression

You have learnt about predicting a continuous dependent variable. As part of this module, you will continue to learn Regression techniques applied to predict attribute Data. Learn about the principles of the logistic regression model, understand the sigmoid curve, the usage of cutoff value to interpret the probable outcome of the logistic regression model. Learn about the confusion matrix and its parameters to evaluate the outcome of the prediction model. Also, learn about maximum likelihood estimation.

• Principles of Logistic regression
• Types of Logistic regression
• Assumption & Steps in Logistic regression
• Analysis of Simple logistic regression results
• Multiple Logistic regression
• Confusion matrix
  • False Positive, False Negative
  • True Positive, True Negative
  • Sensitivity, Recall, Specificity, F1
• Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC curve)
• Precision Recall (P-R) curve
• Lift charts and Gain charts

k Nearest Neighbor algorithm is distance based machine learning algorithm. Learn to classify the dependent variable using the appropriate k value. The k-NN classifier also known as lazy learner is a very popular algorithm and one of the easiest for application.

• Deciding the K value
• Thumb rule in choosing the K value
• Building a KNN model by splitting the data
• Checking for Underfitting and Overfitting in KNN
• Generalization and Regulation Techniques to avoid overfitting in KNN

Decision Tree & Random forest are some of the most powerful classifier algorithms based on classification rules. In this tutorial, you will learn about deriving the rules for classifying the dependent variable by constructing the best tree using statistical measures to capture the information from each of the attributes. Random forest is an ensemble technique constructed using multiple Decision trees and the final outcome is drawn from the aggregating the results obtained from these combinations of trees.

• Elements of classification tree - Root node, Child Node, Leaf Node, etc.
• Greedy algorithm
• Measure of Entropy
• Attribute selection using Information gain
• Ensemble techniques - Stacking, Boosting and Bagging
• Decision Tree C5.0 and understanding various arguments
• Checking for Underfitting and Overfitting in Decision Tree
• Generalization and Regulation Techniques to avoid overfitting in Decision Tree
• Random Forest and understanding various arguments
• Checking for Underfitting and Overfitting in Random Forest
• Generalization and Regulation Techniques to avoid overfitting in Random Forest

Learn about improving reliability and accuracy of decision tree models using ensemble techniques. Bagging and Boosting are the go to techniques in ensemble techniques. The parallel and sequential approaches taken in Bagging and Boosting methods are discussed in this module.

• Overfitting
• Underfitting
• Pruning
• Boosting
• Bagging or Bootstrap aggregating

The Boosting algorithms AdaBoost and Extreme Gradient Boosting are discussed as part of this continuation module You will also learn about stacking methods. Learn about these algorithms which are providing unprecedented accuracy and helping many aspiring data scientists win the first place in various competitions such as Kaggle, CrowdAnalytix, etc.

• AdaBoost / Adaptive Boosting Algorithm
• Checking for Underfitting and Overfitting in AdaBoost
• Generalization and Regulation Techniques to avoid overfitting in AdaBoost
• Gradient Boosting Algorithm<
• Checking for Underfitting and Overfitting in Gradient Boosting
• Generalization and Regulation Techniques to avoid overfitting in Gradient Boosting
• Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) Algorithm
• Checking for Underfitting and Overfitting in XGB
• Generalization and Regulation Techniques to avoid overfitting in XGB

Learn to analyse the unstructured textual data to derive meaningful insights. Understand the language quirks to perform data cleansing, extract features using a bag of words and construct the key-value pair matrix called DTM. Learn to understand the sentiment of customers from their feedback to take appropriate actions. Advanced concepts of text mining will also be discussed which help to interpret the context of the raw text data. Topic models using LDA algorithm, emotion mining using lexicons are discussed as part of NLP module.

• Sources of data
• Bag of words
• Pre-processing, corpus Document Term Matrix (DTM) & TDM
• Word Clouds
• Corpus level word clouds
  • Sentiment Analysis
  • Positive Word clouds
  • Negative word clouds
  • Unigram, Bigram, Trigram
• Semantic network
• Clustering
• Extract user reviews of the product/services from Amazon, Snapdeal and trip advisor
• Install Libraries from Shell
• Extraction and text analytics in Python
• LDA / Latent Dirichlet Allocation
• Topic Modelling
• Sentiment Extraction
• Lexicons & Emotion Mining

Revise Bayes theorem to develop a classification technique for Machine learning. In this tutorial you will learn about joint probability and its applications. Learn how to predict whether an incoming email is a spam or a ham email. Learn about Bayesian probability and the applications in solving complex business problems.

• Probability – Recap
• Bayes Rule
• Naïve Bayes Classifier
• Text Classification using Naive Bayes
• Checking for Underfitting and Overfitting in Naive Bayes
• Generalization and Regulation Techniques to avoid overfitting in Naive Bayes

Understand the difference between perception and MLP or ANN. Learn about error surface, challenges related to gradient descent and the practical issues related to deep learning. You will learn the implementation of MLP on MNIST dataset - multi class problem, IMDB dataset - binary classification problem, Reuters dataset - single labelled multi class classification problem and Boston Housing dataset - Regression Problem using Python and Keras.

• Error Surface – Learning Rate & Random Weight Initialization
• Local Minima issues in Gradient Descent Learning
• Is DL a Holy Grail? Pros and Cons
• Practical Implementation of MLP/ANN in Python using Real Life Use Cases
• Segregation of Dataset - Train, Test & Validation
• Data Representation in Graphs using Matplotlib
• Deep Learning Challenges – Gradient Primer, Activation Function, Error Function, Vanishing Gradient, Error Surface challenges, Learning Rate challenges, Decay Parameter, Gradient Descent Algorithmic Approaches, Momentum, Nestrov Momentum, Adam, Adagrad, Adadelta & RMSprop
• Deep Learning Practical Issues – Avoid Overfitting, DropOut, DropConnect, Noise, Data Augmentation, Parameter Choices, Weights Initialization (Xavier, etc.)

• Support Vector Machines / Large-Margin / Max-Margin Classifier
• Hyperplanes
• Best Fit "boundary"
• Linear Support Vector Machine using Maximum Margin
• SVM for Noisy Data
• Non- Linear Space Classification
• Non-Linear Kernel Tricks
  • Linear Kernel
  • Polynomial
  • Sigmoid
  • Gaussian RBF
• SVM for Multi-Class Classification
  • One vs. All
  • One vs. One
• Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) SVM

Data mining unsupervised techniques are used as EDA techniques to derive insights from the business data. In this first module of unsupervised learning, get introduced to clustering algorithms. Learn about different approaches for data segregation to create homogeneous groups of data. Hierarchical clustering, K means clustering are most commonly used clustering algorithms. Understand the different mathematical approaches to perform data segregation. Also learn about variations in K-means clustering like K-medoids, K-mode techniques, learn to handle large data sets using CLARA technique.

• • Hierarchical • Supervised vs Unsupervised learning • Data Mining Process • Hierarchical Clustering / Agglomerative Clustering • Dendrogram • Measure of distance
  • Numeric
    • Euclidean, Manhattan, Mahalanobis
  • Categorical
    • Binary Euclidean
    • Simple Matching Coefficient
    • Jaquard's Coefficient
  • Mixed
    • Gower's General Dissimilarity Coefficient
  • Types of Linkages
    • Single Linkage / Nearest Neighbour
    • Complete Linkage / Farthest Neighbour
    • Average Linkage
    • Centroid Linkage
  • K-Means Clustering
    • Measurement metrics of clustering
      • Within the Sum of Squares
      • Between the Sum of Squares
      • Total Sum of Squares
    • Choosing the ideal K value using Scree Plot / Elbow Curve
    • Other Clustering Techniques
      • K-Medians
      • K-Medoids
      • K-Modes
      • Clustering Large Application (CLARA)
      • Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM)
      • Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)

Dimension Reduction (PCA) / Factor Analysis Description: Learn to handle high dimensional data. The performance will be hit when the data has a high number of dimensions and machine learning techniques training becomes very complex, as part of this module you will learn to apply data reduction techniques without any variable deletion. Learn the advantages of dimensional reduction techniques. Also, learn about yet another technique called Factor Analysis.

• Why Dimension Reduction
• Advantages of PCA
• Calculation of PCA weights
• 2D Visualization using Principal components
• Basics of Matrix Algebra
• Factor Analysis

Learn to measure the relationship between entities. Bundle offers are defined based on this measure of dependency between products. Understand the metrics Support, Confidence and Lift used to define the rules with the help of Apriori algorithm. Learn pros and cons of each of the metrics used in Association rules.

• What is Market Basket / Affinity Analysis
• Measure of Association
  • Support
  • Confidence
  • Lift Ratio
• Apriori Algorithm
• Sequential Pattern Mining

Personalized recommendations made in e-commerce are based on all the previous transactions made. Learn the science of making these recommendations using measuring similarity between customers. The various methods applied for collaborative filtering, their pros and cons, SVD method used for recommendations of movies by Netflix will be discussed as part of this module.

• User-based Collaborative Filtering
• A measure of distance/similarity between users
• Driver for Recommendation
• Computation Reduction Techniques
• Search based methods/Item to Item Collaborative Filtering
• SVD in recommendation
• The vulnerability of recommendation systems

• AutoML Methods
• AutoML Systems
• AutoML on Cloud - AWS
  • Amazon SageMaker
  • Sagaemaker Notebook Instance for Model Development, Training and
  • Deployment
  • XG Boost Classification Model
  • Hyperparameter tuning jobs
• AutoML on Cloud - Azure
  • Workspace
  • Environment
  • Compute Instance
  • Automatic Featurization
  • AutoML and ONNX
• AutoML on Cloud - GCP
  • AutoML Natural Language Performing Document Classification
  • Performing Sentiment Analysis using AutoML Natural Language API
  • Cloud ML Engine and Its Components
  • Training and Deploying Applications on Cloud ML Engine
  • Choosing Right Cloud ML Engine for Training Jobs

Time series analysis is performed on the data which is collected with respect to time. The response variable is affected by time. Understand the time series components, Level, Trend, Seasonality, Noise and methods to identify them in a time series data. The different forecasting methods available to handle the estimation of the response variable based on the condition of whether the past is equal to the future or not will be introduced in this module. In this first module of forecasting, you will learn the application of Model-based forecasting techniques.

• Introduction to time series data
• Steps to forecasting
• Components to time series data
• Scatter plot and Time Plot
• Lag Plot
• ACF - Auto-Correlation Function / Correlogram
• Visualization principles
• Naïve forecast methods
• Errors in the forecast and it metrics - ME, MAD, MSE, RMSE, MPE, MAPE
• Model-Based approaches
  • Linear Model
  • Exponential Model
  • Quadratic Model
  • Additive Seasonality
  • Multiplicative Seasonality
• Model-Based approaches Continued
• AR (Auto-Regressive) model for errors
• Random walk

Different packages can be used to build Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence models, such as Tensorflow, Keras, OpenCV, and PyTorch. You will learn more about these packages and their applications in detail.

Tensorflow and Keras libraries can be used to build Machine Learning and Deep Learning models. OpenCV is used for image processing and PyTorch is highly useful when you have no idea how much memory will be required for creating a Neural Network Model.

• Introduction to Deep Learning libraries – Torch, Theono, Caffe, Tensorflow, Keras, OpenCV and PyTorch
• Deep dive into Tensorflow, Keras, OpenCV and PyTorch
• Introduction to Anaconda, R, R studio, Jupyter and Spyder
• Environment Setup and Installation Methods of Multiple Packages

Convolution Neural Networks are the class of Deep Learning networks which are mostly applied on images. You will learn about ImageNet challenge, overview on ImageNet winning architectures, applications of CNN, problems of MLP with huge dataset.

You will understand convolution of filter on images, basic structure on convent, details about Convolution layer, Pooling layer, Fully Connected layer, Case study of AlexNet and few of the practical issues of CNN.

• ImageNet Challenge – Winning Architectures, Difficult Vision Problems & Hierarchical Approach
• Parameter Explosion with MLPs
• Convolution Networks - 1D ConvNet, 2D ConvNet, Transposed Convolution
• Convolution Layers with Filters and Visualizing Convolution Layers
• Pooling Layer, Padding, Stride
• Transfer Learning - VGG16, VGG19, Resnet, GoogleNet, LeNet, etc.
• Practical Issues – Weight decay, Drop Connect, Data Manipulation Techniques & Batch Normalization

Understand the language models for next word prediction, spell check, mobile auto-correct, speech recognition, and machine translation. You will learn the disadvantages of traditional models and MLP. Deep understanding of the architecture of RNN, RNN language model, backpropagation through time, types of RNN - one to one, one to many, many to one and many to many along with different examples for each type.

• Introduction to Adversaries
• Language Models – Next Word Prediction, Spell Checkers, Mobile Auto-Correction, Speech Recognition & Machine Translation
• Traditional Language model
• Disadvantages of MLP
• Introduction to State & RNN cell
• Introduction to RNN
• RNN language Models
• Back Propagation Through time
• RNN Loss Computation
• Types of RNN – One to One, One to Many, Many to One, Many to Many
• Introduction to the CNN and RNN
• Combining CNN and RNN for Image Captioning
• Architecture of CNN and RNN for Image Captioning
• Bidirectional RNN
• Deep Bidirectional RNN
• Disadvantages of RNN

You will learn to build an object detection model using Fast R-CNN by using bounding boxes, understand why fast RCNN is a better choice while dealing with object detection. You will also learn by instance segmentation problems which can be avoided using Mask RCNN.

• CNN-RNN Variants
• R-CNN
• Fast R-CNN
• Faster R-CNN
• Mask R-CNN

Understand and implement Long Short-Term Memory, which is used to keep the information intact, unless the input makes them forget. You will also learn the components of LSTM - cell state, forget gate, input gate and the output gate along with the steps to process the information. Learn the difference between RNN and LSTM, Deep RNN and Deep LSTM and different terminologies. You will apply LSTM to build models for prediction.

• Introduction to LSTM – Architecture
• Importance of Cell State, Input Gate, Output Gate, Forget Gate, Sigmoid and Tanh
• Mathematical Calculations to Process Data in LSTM
• RNN vs LSTM - Bidirectional vs Deep Bidirectional RNN
• Deep RNN vs Deep LSTM

Gated Recurrent Unit, a variant of LSTM solves this problem in RNN. You will learn the components of GRU and the steps to process the information.

• Introduction to GRU
• Architecture & Gates - Update Gate, Reset Gate, Current Memory Content, Final Memory at Current Timestep
• Applications of GRUs

You will learn image processing techniques, noise reduction using moving average methods, different types of filters - smoothing the image by averaging, Gaussian filter and the disadvantages of correlation filters. You will learn about different types of filters, boundary effects, template matching, rate of change in the intensity detection, different types of noise, image sampling and interpolation techniques.

You will also learn about colors and intensity, affine transformation, projective transformation, embossing, erosion & dilation, vignette, histogram equalization, HAAR cascade for object detection, SIFT, SURF, FAST, BRIEF and seam carving.

• Introduction to Vision
• Importance of Image Processing
• Image Processing Challenges – Interclass Variation, ViewPoint Variation, Illumination, Background Clutter, Occlusion & Number of Large Categories
• Introduction to Image – Image Transformation, Image Processing Operations & Simple Point Operations
• Noise Reduction – Moving Average & 2D Moving Average
• Image Filtering – Linear & Gaussian Filtering
• Disadvantage of Correlation Filter
• Introduction to Convolution
• Boundary Effects – Zero, Wrap, Clamp & Mirror
• Image Sharpening
• Template Matching
• Edge Detection – Image filtering, Origin of Edges, Edges in images as Functions, Sobel Edge Detector
• Effect of Noise
• Laplacian Filter
• Smoothing with Gaussian
• LOG Filter – Blob Detection
• Noise – Reduction using Salt & Pepper Noise using Gaussian Filter
• Nonlinear Filters
• Bilateral Filters
• Canny Edge Detector - Non Maximum Suppression, Hysteresis Thresholding
• Image Sampling & Interpolation – Image Sub Sampling, Image Aliasing, Nyquist Limit, Wagon Wheel Effect, Down Sampling with Gaussian Filter, Image Pyramid, Image Up Sampling
• Image Interpolation – Nearest Neighbour Interpolation, Linear Interpolation, Bilinear Interpolation & Cubic Interpolation
• Introduction to the dnn module
  • Deep Learning Deployment Toolkit
  • Use of DLDT with OpenCV4.0
• OpenVINO Toolkit
  • Introduction
  • Model Optimization of pre-trained models
  • Inference Engine and Deployment process

You will learn about the components of Autoencoders, steps used to train the autoencoders to generate spatial vectors, types of autoencoders and generation of data using variational autoencoders. Understanding the architecture of RBM and the process involved in it.

• Autoencoders
  • Intuition
  • Comparison with other Encoders (MP3 and JPEG)
  • Implementation in Keras
• Deep AutoEncoders
  • Intuition
  • Implementing DAE in Keras
• Convolutional Autoencoders
  • Intuition
  • Implementation in Keras
• Variational Autoencoders
  • IntuitionImplementation in Keras
• Introduction to Restricted Boltzmann Machines - Energy Function, Schematic implementation, Implementation in TensorFlow

Understanding the generation of data using GAN, the architecture of the GAN - encoder and decoder, loss calculation and backpropagation, advantages and disadvantages of GAN.

• Introduction to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANS)
• Data Analysis and Pre-Processing
• Building Model
• Model Inputs and Hyperparameters
• Model losses
• Implementation of GANs
• Defining the Generator and Discriminator
• Generator Samples from Training
• Model Optimizer
• Discriminator and Generator Losses
• Sampling from the Generator
• Advanced Applications of GANS
  • Pix2pixHD
  • CycleGAN
  • StackGAN++ (Generation of photo-realistic images)
  • GANs for 3D data synthesis
  • Speech quality enhancement with SEGAN

Learn to Build a chatbot using generative models and retrieval models. We will understand RASA open-source and LSTM to build chatbots.

• Introduction to Chatbot
• NLP Implementation in Chatbot
• Integrating and implementing Neural Networks Chatbot
• Introduction to Sequence to Sequence models and Attention
  • Transformers and it applications
  • Transformers language models
    • BERT
    • Transformer-XL (pretrained model: “transfo-xl-wt103”)
    • XLNet
• Building a Retrieval Based Chatbot
• Deploying Chatbot in Various Platforms

Learn the methods and techniques which can explain the results and the solutions obtained by using deep learning algorithms.

• Introduction to XAI - Explainable Artificial Intelligence
• Why do we need it?
• Levels of Explainability
  • Direct Explainability
    • Simulatability
    • Decomposability
    • Algorithmic Transparency
  • Post-hoc Explainability
    • Model-Agnostic Algorithms
      • Explanation by simplification (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME))
      • Feature relevance explanation
        • SHAP
        • QII
        • SA
        • ASTRID
        • XAI
      • Visual Explanations
• General AI vs Symbolic Al vs Deep Learning